
Fundamentals of Medical Imaging
Spring 2013
Tuesday, Thursday 12:30 PM to 1:50 PM , NH106
ee4328-5339Spring12/HW3 Medical Imaging Spring13.docx
ee4328-5339Spring12/Medical_Imaging_Spring13TH_EX_II.docx
Instructor:
Kambiz Alavi, PhD, Professor,
Electrical Engineering
alavi@uta.edu, 524 Nedderman Hall, 817/272-5633, fax 817/272-2253
Office Hours: Tu-Th 2:00-3:30 PM
GTA:
Md. Motasim Bellah
md.bellah@mavs.uta.edu
Office Hours:
SYLLABUS_Medical_Imaging Spring 2013.doc
WEEK 1:
Introduction Lec_Jan_15_2013KA1.ppt
Imaging Modalities http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/intro.pdf
History of Medical Imaging http://fmri.ucsd.edu/ttliu/be280a_10/BE280A10_intro.pdf
Modalities Resolution Noise Modalities resolution.docx
X-rays 1 ee4328-5339Spring12/Lec_Xray1Fe_05_04.pdf
WEEK 2:
X-rays 2 ee4328-5339Spring12/Lec_Xray2Fe_10_04_.pdf
WEEK 3 and 4:
Linear System notes by Alavi.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/BE280B_05_sys1.pdf
Fourier Series
http://www-ee.uta.edu/Online/Alavi/ee2347/Orthogonal%20functions-Sin%20and%20Cos.pdf
http://www-ee.uta.edu/Online/Alavi/ee2347/Fourie%20Series.pdf
http://www-ee.uta.edu/Online/Alavi/ee2347/Fourier%20Series%20Examples.pdf
http://www-ee.uta.edu/Online/Alavi/ee2347/Box%20Train%20Fourier%20Series%20and%20Spectrum.pdf
2-d linear systems
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/BE280B_05_sys2.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/c2-linsys.pdf
Fourier Transform
ee5359_bme5300/2006spring/Signals & Systems Med-Img.pdf
Fourier Transform Pairs by Poularikas and Seely.pdf
http://www.ysbl.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/fourier.html
http://www.ysbl.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/ftheory.html
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/ftnotes.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/2dCylindricalFourier.PDF
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~fvon4093/fourier-transform-symmetry.pdf
http://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/papers/download/wa_report01_08.pdf
http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~elad/publications/journals/2004/30_PolarFFT_ACHA.pdf
http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~amir1/PS/Polar_Paper_New.pdf
WEEK 5:
Computed Tomography Simple http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/tomography/projections.htmlEEK 4:
Color ee4328-5339Spring12/LecXrayCT1_Fe_12_04.pdf
Black and white
ee4328-5339Spring12/LecXrayCT1_Fe_12_04_handouts.pdf
WEEK 5:
WEEK 6:
ee4328-5339Spring12/Lec_XrayCT2Fe_17_04.pdf
http://www.aapm.org/meetings/02AM/pdf/8372-23331.pdf
MATLAB ASSIGNMENT
WEEK 7:
ee4328-5339Spring12/LecXrayCT3_Fe_19_04_.pdf
http://www.sv.vt.edu/xray_ct/parallel/Parallel_CT.html
http://www.sv.vt.edu/xray_ct/parallel/Matlab_Prog.html
Transforms (Image Processing Toolbox).pdf http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/doc/matlab/toolbox/images/transfo9.html
2011. 1010. RADON_TRANSFORM_Easy_principles.ppt
The Filtered Backprojection.docx
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/backproj.pdf
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/fbe.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/ct1.pdf
WEEK 8 and9:
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/mri.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/BE280A_12.html
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/ece187_04.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/NEU200c_Spring08b.pdf******
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/ttliu_courses.html
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/SOM276A_MRI_imageartifacts.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/NEU200c_05.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/be280a_09/MRI_English_letter.pdf
http://www.drcmr.dk/BlochSimulator/
http://www.sprawls.org/resources/
http://www.sprawls.org/resources/MRIvisuals/
http://www.sprawls.org/resources/#MAGNETIC%20RESONANCE%20IMAGING
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/IMGCHAR/
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/BLUR/
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/NOISE/
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/ERAD/
http://www.simplyphysics.com/IntroToMRI.html ******Find Narrative in http://www.simplyphysics.com/page2_1.html ******
Based on the above, another slide show MRI_Physics
www.mri-tutorial.com With Video below
Slide show http://fmri.ucsd.edu/ttliu/be280a_10/BE280A10_mri1.pdf
e-Book http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm
Liely Chapter http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/mri.pdf
BME 595 J. D. Christensen MRI_1
Slide 1(revised)
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-1-33.pdf
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/fbe.pdf
WEEK 10 and 11
Slide 1(revised)
Resonance_SpinEchoSlide4(rev4)
Bloch equatios_Pulses_Fourier.pdf
WEEK 12
http://www.revisemri.com/tutorials/
http://www.revisemri.com/questions/pulse_sequences/
http://www.mritutor.org/mritutor/pulseseq.htm
http://www.revisemri.com/questions/pulse_sequences/se_ge_differences
http://www.e-radiography.net/mrict/fund%20mr2/fundmri%202.htm T1, T2
http://eeweb.poly.edu/~yao/EL5823/MRI_instrumentation_ch13.pdf
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/nuclear-spin
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/Precession-and-Larmor-frequency
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/Net-magnetization
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/Magnetic-Resonance
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/Excitation
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/NMR/Relaxation-nmr
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/Signal-recording
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/90-RF-pulse
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/180-RF-pulse
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/Spin-echo-TR-TE
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/TE-and-T2-weighting
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/Signal-weighting **
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-signal-contrast/Tissue-contrast
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Spatial-encoding-intro
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Magnetic-field-gradients
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Magnetic-field-gradients
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Slice-select
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Phase-encoding
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/Frequency-encoding
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Signal-spatial-encoding/3D-spatial-encoding
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/Introduction
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/Fourier-transform
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/spatial-frequency
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/2D-Fourier-transform
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/K-space
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/The-Physics-behind-it-all/Gradients-and-spatial-frequency
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/MRI-sequences
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/sequence-characteristics
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/Sequence-classification
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/Sequences-acronyms
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/Spin-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/Fast-Spin-Echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/Ultrafast-spin-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/inversion-recovery-stir-flair
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/gradient-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/ultrafast-spoiled-gradient-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/steady-state-gradient-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/t2-enhanced-steady-state-gradient-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/balanced-gradient-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/echo-planar-imaging
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/MRI-Sequences/hybrid-echo
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Improving-MRI-contrast-Imaging-water-and-fat
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Improving-MRI-contrast-Contrast-agents
http://www.imaios.com/en/e-Courses/e-MRI/Improving-MRI-contrast-Contrast-agents/contrast-agents
ee4328-5339Spring12/ReviseMRI T2star.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/Ch 3-5 MRI Contrast Spatial Localization.ppt
ee4328-5339Spring12/Bloch equatios_Pulses_Fourier.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/MRI T1_T2.docx
ee4328-5339Spring12/Resonance_SpinEchoSlide4(rev4).ppt
ee4328-5339Spring12/ReviseMRI T2star.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/Slice Selection Gradient.docx
http://cfmi.georgetown.edu/get_file.php?file=50
ee4328-5339Spring12/Ultrasound.pptx
ee4328-5339Spring12/MRI T1_T2.docx
ee4328-5339Spring12/Ultrasound 2 _from D_Nol_l U _Mich.pptx
ee4328-5339Spring12/From CFMI Vanmeter.docx
WEEK 13
http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/Military_OBGYN/Ultrasound/basic_ultrasound.htm
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/ultrasound.pdf
Application of Ultrasound in medicine:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasonography
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_ultrasound.pdf
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_usisd.pdf
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_doppler.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%201.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%202.pdf
WEEK 14
Introduction:
http://www.echo-web.com/secure/echo-202-free/echo202-1-body.asp?code=free
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/ultrasound.pdf
Ultrasound System (parameters, focusing, steering, and Math)
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/usisd.pdf
Ultrasound 2 _from D_Nol_l U _Mich.pptx
Beam formaing, Image formation
http://dukemil.bme.duke.edu/rsna07/RC632B.pdf
Doppler
http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/23/5/1315.full.pdf+html
Computed Ultrasound Tomography
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/US_09.pdf
http://www.cis.rit.edu/research/biomedical/ultrasoundintro/ultraintro.html
http://www.criticalecho.com/content/tutorial-1-basic-physics-ultrasound-and-doppler-phenomenon
http://www.criticalecho.com/content/tutorial-10-basic-physics-ultrasound-and-doppler-phenomenon
WEEK 15
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/nuclear.pdf
http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/15/4/975.full.pdf+html
http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/15/5/1179.full.pdf+html
http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/16/1/173.full.pdf+html
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/radio.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/Biomedical Imaging Applications of Light.pdf
http://www.drbio.cornell.edu/ApplicationNotes/SHG_Imaging_FvsB.pdf
========================================
http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/index.html
http://fmri.ucsd.edu/ttliu/BE280A_10.html
http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/courses/engs167/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/het408.html
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/links.html
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/backproj.pdf
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/mriImaging.pdf
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~mueller/teaching/cse377/
========================================
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon_transform
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RadonTransform.html
http://eivind.imm.dtu.dk/staff/ptoft/Radon/Radon.html
http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/plugins/radon-transform.html
http://www-math.mit.edu/~helgason/Radonbook.pdf
http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/f21-25938.html
http://www.impactscan.org/slides/xrayct/
http://www.sprawls.org/resources/CTIMG/module.htm
http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~mirg/home/tutorial/fbp_recon.html
http://beige.ucs.indiana.edu/B673/node19.html ****
http://beige.ucs.indiana.edu/B673/node20.html
http://www.aapm.org/meetings/99AM/pdf/2806-57576.pdf
Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
http://fmri.ucsd.edu/ttliu/be280a_05/BE280A_05_mri4_3s.pdf
http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php
http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php?type=db1&dbs=Pulse%20Sequence
http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_radiology/volume_2_number_1_55/article_printable/quantitative_magnetic_resonance_imaging_with_the_mixed_turbo_spin_echo_pulse_sequence_a_validation_study.html
http://www.chem.queensu.ca/facilities/nmr/nmr/webcourse/echo.htm
http://chem4823.usask.ca/hardware.html#Pulse
http://chem4823.usask.ca/pulseseq.html
The Basics of MRI.url [ http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm ]
http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/handouts/fletcher/fletcher/
Ultrasound Imaging:
http://www.indyrad.iupui.edu/public/lectures/physics/10ultras/
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_ultrasound.pdf
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_usisd.pdf
SwinburneUof Tech DavidLiley_doppler.pdf
http://dukemil.egr.duke.edu/Ultrasound/k-space/
http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e101/
http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e101/lectures/
http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e101/lectures/Image_Processing/
http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e101/lectures/Image_Processing/node6.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jepson/csc320/
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jepson/csc320/tutorials/matlabintro1.m
http://sepwww.stanford.edu/sep/prof/pvi/dft/paper_html/node17.html
http://sepwww.stanford.edu/sep/prof/pvi/dft/paper_html/node16.html
http://www.cs.unm.edu/~brayer/vision/fourier.html
http://www.cs.unm.edu/~brayer/vision/perception.html
http://cnyack.homestead.com/files/idxpages.htm
http://cnyack.homestead.com/files/artran/ft2dint1.htm
http://cnyack.homestead.com/files/artran/ft2dxy1.htm
http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay2.pdf
http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay1b.pdf
http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay1a.pdf
http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/intro.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/ftnotes.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%201.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%202.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%203.pdf
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/ect.pdf
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5066
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516_04/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/index.html
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/index.html
That book formatted as a pdf file
http://www.mathworks.com/academia/student_version/
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~dnoll/BME516/us%20notes%202.pdf
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qm/lectures/lectures.html
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qm/lectures/node3.html
WEEK 10:
WEEK 11:
http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qm/lectures/node44.html
http://www.revisemri.com/tutorials/
Many Physics Topics http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl?Type=TOC
SLICHTER 2nd edition:
http://www.bioc.aecom.yu.edu/labs/girvlab/nmr/course/COURSE_2012/chapter5.pdf
http://www.bioc.aecom.yu.edu/labs/girvlab/nmr/course/syllabus.html
http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE107/Lectures/MRI_III_Contrast_NE107_Fall10.pdf
For Later:
Tansmission Imaging CT mostly x-ray http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay1a.pdf
Nuclear Medicine SPECT Pet etc. http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay1b.pdf
Multi Modality Imaging http://trshare.triumf.ca/~fretiere/TSI07/Talk/LecomteDay2.pdf
Nuclear Imaging and SPECT http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/courses/engs167/19%20Nuclear%20Medicine.pdf
PET http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/courses/engs167/20%20PET%20Imaging.pdf
MATLAB Tutorial http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/home.text.html
http://www.mathworks.com/academia/student_version/
Image Processing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram_equalization
https://www-ee.uta.edu/Online/Alavi/ee5359_bme5300/2006spring/medical_image_processing_1.pdf
ee4328-5339Spring12/histogram_equalization.pdf
Computed Tomography Simple http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/tomography/projections.html
ee4328-5339Spring12/2dCylindricalFourier.PDF
Linear systems and Image Processing Learning Resources
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/hipr_top.htm
http://www.ysbl.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/fourier.html
http://www.ysbl.york.ac.uk/~cowtan/fourier/ftheory.html
ee5359_bme5300/2006spring/Signals & Systems Med-Img.pdf
http://www.prosig.com/signal-processing/FourierAnalysis.pdf
http://www.sprawls.org/ppmi2/ERAD/#THE%20QUANTUM%20NATURE%20OF%20RADIATION
Image Quality
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/imagequality1a.pdf
http://cfmriweb.ucsd.edu/ttliu/talks/imagequality2b.pdf
RADON
http://eecourses.technion.ac.il/049029/presentations/RadonTransform%20-%20slides.pdf
http://oftankonyv.reak.bme.hu/tiki-index.php?page=The+Filtered+Backprojection
http://oftankonyv.reak.bme.hu/tiki-index.php?
http://www.whitman.edu/mathematics/SeniorProjectArchive/2011/SeniorProject_KaileyBolles.pdf
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/AV0405/HAYDEN/Slice_Reconstruction.html
http://www.clear.rice.edu/elec431/projects96/DSP/bpanalysis.html
http://opax.swin.edu.au/~dliley/lectures/het408/backproj.pdf
http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~bryan/invprobs/talk4.pd
http://www.mathworks.com/help/images/ref/iradon.html
http://www.ms.uky.edu/~rwalker/research/radon_inversion_web.pdf
http://www.physics.nyu.edu/grierlab/idl_html_help/R3.html
http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~pochen/InverseScattering_Lessons/Lesson2.pptx
TT Liu
MRI
Ultrasound
Fessler
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/index.html
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-1-14.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-15-22.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-1-33.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-34-41.pdf
http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/course/516/l/cm-mri-38-new.pdf
spin dynamics http://ti.fh-bielefeld.de/~cschroed/spindyntutor.htm
http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/896/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93spin_relaxation
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_4.pdf
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_2.pdf
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_1.pdf
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_3.pdf
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_6.pdf
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_8.pdf
http://web.uconn.edu/~ch351vc/pdfs/spin1.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_quantum_system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi_problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch_equations
http://www.physicsinsights.org/dipole_field_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/index.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/math_physics_2.html
Force on a Dipole http://www.physicsinsights.org/force_on_dipole_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/dipole_as_charges_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/moving_charge_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/lagrange_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/math_physics_1.html
http://www.physicsinsights.org/blackbodies-1.html#mozTocId483990